Oogenesis is an area that has long been of interest in medicine, as well as biology, economics, sociology, and public policy. Almost four centuries ago, the English physician William Harvey (1578–1657) wrote ex ovo omnia —“all that is alive comes from the egg.” During a women’s reproductive life span only 300–400 of the nearly 1–2 …
Over the centuries the development of human society has formed a special branch of scientific knowledge dedicated to the prevention and control of infectious diseases. History shows that in the course of its evolution, the damage to humanity from infectious morbidity exceeds by many orders of magnitude those from social and natural disasters. Specific terms …
The concept of a randomized controlled trial Randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experiment in which subjects are randomized into groups, commonly referred to as intervention and control groups, in order for them to undergo or have not undergone experimental preventive or therapeutic interventions. The results are evaluated by comparing the incidence of the disease, …
Over the centuries the development of human society has formed a special branch of scientific knowledge dedicated to the prevention and control of infectious diseases. History shows that in the course of its evolution, the damage to humanity from infectious morbidity exceeds by many orders of magnitude those from social and natural disasters. Specific terms …
A clinical study is a scientific study involving people that is conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new drug or expand the indications for the use of an already known drug. Clinical studies can also examine the efficacy and safety of new invasive (including surgical) and non-invasive treatments and diagnostics. Clinical studies …
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a written constitution; if they are written down in …
Kazakhstan 2050: Exploring an Ambitious Vision Introduction On December 14, 2012 President Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan announced an ambitious new vision for his country. (Nazarbayev 2012) The core of the vision is that Kazakhstan will have joined the rank of the top 30 developed economies by 2050. In connection with this announcement Nazarbayev University …
Microsoft Access is the database program that is included with Microsoft’s Office suite. While not as intuitive and user-friendly as most other Office programs, Access offers powerful features for creating databases and extracting data from them. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of applications, included in the Professional and higher editions or sold …
Technology (“science of craft”, from Greek τέχνη, techne, “art, skill, cunning of hand”; and -λογία, -logia) is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, and the like, or it can be embedded in machines to allow for operation without detailed knowledge of their workings. The simplest form of …
The emergence of each drug on the market is preceded by a complex and lengthy process. The newly synthesized molecule will become a medical preparation no earlier than official authorities will allow its use for the treatment of a specific disease in a certain group of patients. Such a decision can be made only on …
